Example: Toys, books, tables, chairs, doors are made up of wood.
In this chapter, we shall be learning about:
* The importance and need for grouping
* The properties based on which the materials are grouped
Materials can be grouped as lustrous and non-lustrous based on the luster or shine possessed by them.
Lustrous: Lustrous materials are those that have a shine on them. Due to this property, metals are widely used for making jewelry.
Example: gold, silver and most metals are lustrous in nature.
Non-lustrous: Non-lustrous: Non-lustrous materials are dull in appearance.
Example: Wood, plastic etc.
Hardness: Hardness: Hardness is another property of materials. Materials which are difficult to compress are called hard substances.
Example: Diamond, stone, iron, wood, steel etc.
It is important to note and remember that Diamond is the hardest natural substance.
Softness: Materials which can be compressed easily are called soft substances.
Example: Chalk, cotton, rubber, sponge etc.
Materials can be classified as transparent, opaque and translucent based on how they transmit light falling on them.
Transparent: The material which allows light to pass through it is called a transparent material.
Example: Acrylic sheet, glass, water, air etc.
Opaque: Opaque: The material which does not allow light to pass through it is said to be opaque in nature.
Example: Wood, iron, asbestos etc.
Translucent: Translucent materials allow light to pass through them only partially. They are partially transparent and partially opaque.
Example: Butter paper, Frosted glass
Everything in this universe is made up of matter. Matter exists in 3 states - Solid, liquid and gaseous states.
Solid: A solid has a definite shape and volume.
Example: Stones, wood, plastic, steel etc.
Liquid: A liquid has an indefinite shape, but a definite volume.
Example: Water, milk, oil etc.,
Gas: A gas has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Example: Oxygen gas, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas etc.
Soluble substance: A material which easily dissolves in water is called a soluble substance.
Example: Salt, sugar, alum etc.
Insoluble substance: A material which does not dissolve in water is called an insoluble substance.
Example: Sand, chalk, iron etc.
Materials that are insoluble in water can either float on the surface of water or sink in it.
Floating materials: Light materials float on water.
Example: Paper, a plastic ball etc.
Sinking materials: Heavy materials sink in water.
Example: Metals, stones etc.
Metallic substances: Materials which are hard, lustrous and are good conductors of heat and electricity are called metals.
Example: Iron, copper, gold etc.
Non-metallic substances: Materials which are brittle, which don’t have luster and are bad conductors of heat and electricity are called non-metals.
Example: Coal, chalk, rubber, soil etc.
Magnetic substances: Substances that are attracted to a magnet are called magnetic substances.
Example: Iron, nickel
Nonmagnetic substances: Substances that are attracted to a magnet are called magnetic substances.
Example: Gold, Silver
Conductors: Materials that conduct electricity or let electricity pass through them are called conductors.
Example: Generally metals are good conductors of electricity.
Insulators: Materials that do not conduct electricity or do not let electricity pass through them are called insulators or bad conductors of electricity.
Example: Plastic, wood, air
Link to Solutions on this topic
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